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The media are full of news about electric cars. The $100,000 Tesla electric sports car is going to be sold soon, automakers are falling over each other to announce new electric vehicles, and entrepreneurs across the world are jockeying for venture capital.

Petroleum prices have jumped during the last year and everybody is feeling the pain at the pump. Not a single soul is concerned about filling up the batteries of his next electric car with electricity. After all, you just plug the car into the next receptacle and there seem to be no appreciable costs.

Joe owns a Corvette, a high performance car manufactured by General Motors, which according to the car manufacturer drives 25 miles per gallon.

Joe’s monthly commute is 1000 miles, he drives very carefully, and actually achieves 25 MPG on his daily trip going to work and running errands. At $4.00 per gallon at the pump he is paying $160 for gasoline every month.

Joe is thinking about buying the Tesla, an electric sports car. He tried to find the cost of electricity for driving this car. He could not find any data anywhere. Joe knows that he must explain to his wife why he needs to save energy and money before buying the Tesla, a new, very fast electric sports car.

The Tesla will accelerate faster than his Corvette. There is no doubt that an electric vehicle can have a faster acceleration than a gasoline car. Electric motors and liquid fuel engines are just two different devices converting electric energy or petroleum fuel energy into mechanical energy. Electric motors can generate much higher torque at the wheels at much lower turning speeds.

In comparison, electric motors will have several shortcomings, too. They certainly will emit more pollutants and more carbon dioxide as long as coal is used for producing electric power. Overall energy efficiency of the electric car, from power plant to the road, is still worse than that of a modern automobile propelled by an advanced combustion engine.

The biggest drawback of electric cars is the small number of miles they can drive after a complete recharge. Additionally, the charging of an empty electric battery will take forever, high performance batteries are expensive, and will only have a limited life expectancy.

What about energy costs for driving an electric car compared to a gasoline powered car? Both vehicles will have to store energy. The electric car stores electric energy in its battery, the combustion engine powered car stores energy in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel in its fuel tank.

Now let us take a comparative look at the cost of storing and paying for enough electric energy or liquid fuel energy to drive 100 miles. Let us assume that both cars will have the same power requirements to drive 100 miles. In this respect the match-up between Tesla and Corvette is perfect. But how do we compare prices at the gas station with utility costs at the receptacle?

Energy contained in gasoline can be converted into mechanical energy only at the limited energy conversion efficiency of a typical heat engine. The Corvette engine will have an energy conversion efficiency of about 35%. (Fuel fired engines may eventually reach 50% peak energy conversion efficiency after decades of future advancements). Conversion efficiency of electric power from the receptacle into stored energy first and into mechanical energy later is much higher at about 85%.

The energy content of gasoline is 131 MJ/gallon (megajoule per gallon). For driving 100 miles the Corvette will burn four gallons of gasoline or 524 MJ/100 miles. Only 35% of the energy in gasoline or 183 MJ will be used to propel the Corvette. This is the mechanical energy transmitted to the rear wheels of the Corvette. Virtually the same amount of energy must be transferred to the wheels of the electric car, the Tesla. Both cars are very similar in size and driving characteristics.

However, the Tesla has to take a little more energy from the receptacle because the charging, storing, and discharging of electricity in the battery experiences energy losses. These losses are about 15% of the electric energy taken from the receptacle and will not be available at the wheels. The Tesla owner will, therefore, pay 1.15 times as much to get the same energy to the wheels as the Corvette or 211 MJ per 100 miles. Electric energy is priced in the form of dollar per kilowatt hour or $/kWh. The average price of electricity in the US is $0.09/kWh. The factor for converting energy measured in MJ to energy measured in kWh is 0.2778 kWh/MJ.

To drive 100 miles, the Tesla will consume 58.6 kWh of electricity at a cost of $5.28. The Corvette will consume 4 gallons of gasoline at a cost of $16. Now we know that the Tesla will save about $10 per 100 miles or $10,000 over 100,000 miles.

The Tesla will cost $100,000. The Corvette is priced from $50,000 to $75,000. Guess who gets the square deal with the roar of the engine as a free bonus.

Electrical surplus and other materials are of specific application. There are electrical liquidators serve for the companies that are moving some huge quantities for all kinds of electrical components. Moreover, they also facilitate acquiring and selling many electrical materials just like conduit wire, fitting, circuit breaker, motor control, and even switch gear lug and lighting.

The companies taking care of purchasing and also selling these sorts of electrical materials will understand your need of electrical parts. And the most important thing you need to have is the committed service, with polite and fully – trained sales staff, doing all the shipments in right time with highly – attractive pricing structures.

The electrical liquidators are getting their electrical lists through the electrical liquidation sales or through bankruptcy of the factories. It is also due to inventory reduction sales, or also due to electrical surplus sales of the factory’s constructions, and demolition of a factory’s machines or contractor sale of inventories.

Generally, the electrical liquidators will have to purchase the electrical components surplus and the excess stock if the maker has job over- runs. Otherwise they have to get ready to quickly turn the actual electrical components inventories into some cash if an electrical component line is cut off or if the maker just wants to liquidate his electrical inventories.

The electrical liquidators would purchase electrical inventories either from producers or from different places in the entire world. The contractors that will not want to sort the electrical inventory and all the warehouse materials will sell their actual surplus directly from the construction sites. By making such move, they will remove, manage and also storehouses, every part of the surplus in electrical material.

Generally, there are many electrical liquidators that have bought electrical materials for forty years or so, and they have the genuine experience, the economical and financial resources, and also the ability to manage the entire components surplus, in a quick manner.

All these electrical liquidator companies are, generally speaking, handling a great inventory surplus of electrical parts. For example, safety switches, electrical connectors, circuit breakers, electrical conduit and fittings, lugs, wires, junction boxes, motor control centers, and electrical wiring devices.

The electrical liquidators are the actual source, if you are in search of a motor control, to adjust a motor mechanism. From the minute motor mechanism, to the huge power turbine, these liquidators will be able to stock many components from many manufacturers of motor controls.

Such companies have professional sales staff that can answer to each confusion regarding their actual electrical materials and inventories. They also have a big diversity of electrical surplus and components, so, also the prices would be sometimes cheap.

Electrical course is acquired by an individual to improve the skills in the field of electricity. Electrical courses helps in imbibing the knowledge of setting up electricity at a point or repairing a faulty point. Further knowledge in the field can even help in the betterment of electrical technology.

Electrical courses can be attained as a practical electrical course or by achieving the degree of Electrical Engineering. The degree in electrical engineering can be for graduation and also for post-graduation. The more planned and managed work done in electrical technology is fulfilled by the electrical engineers. The on-field setting up, repair and maintenance work is usually done by people who have taken up the practical electrical courses.

This is offered by smaller institutes that impart the basics of electricity. The method of electricity conversion, its uses and method of operation is practically taught. Special knowledge is given in health and safety hazards, their prevention and repair. This gives the individual a preliminary idea of the technology. The practical work done improves the skills required.

New Career Skills is a UK based online course training institute. They provide a theoretical knowledge initially and then provide practical tips for apprentices. Electrical Training Institute is based in Southern California. This gives a complete electrical course for students.

Electrical Engineering

Electrical Engineering helps individual in knowing the history of electricity and the latest technology. Practical knowledge and ways of improvement in technology is given to the students. This makes the electrical engineers the chief project managers of most of the electrical project.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering An American based institute which has its branches stretching to over 160 countries. It is the largest organization providing the course. This is a non-profit organization.

Indian Institute of Technology (Mumbai, Kanpur, Chennai, New Delhi), the premier Indian technology institute offers the Electrical Engineering course for a span of four years. The courses offered by this institute is declared world wide as one of the most precise and advanced one.

University of Birmingham (UK), the university has the largest engineering faculty in UK. The School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering provides the courses in electrical technology.

The subjects offered in the courses are

Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Network and Systems, Electronic devices and circuits, electrical machines, control systems, digital systems, electromagnetic theory, power systems, communication systems, microprocessor systems, VLSI technology, instrumentation, electric devices, neural network and fuzzy system, advanced control, utilization of electrical energy and electric traction, advanced semiconductor devices, solid control and electric devices, digital signal processing, micro controllers and their applications, switch mode and resonant converters, mechatronics and artificial intelligence.

All these courses constitute for the electrical engineering course.

Electric cars are shown up in the news nowadays. The hybrid vehicles and especially the electric cars are talk of the town. The electric car is the best alternative for the petroleum cars. The reason for this includes many statements. The electric cars have a lot of advantages over the old fashioned petroleum cars. The popularity of the electric cars has reached almost all over the world. We are taught in schools about the alternative sources of energy. The alternative sources of energy are solar energy, gas energy, electrical energy, etc. The electric cars are the cars which can run on electricity. Actually the petroleum cars can also be converted into electric cars. It is very easy to convert a petroleum car into electric cars. Most of the petroleum cars are being converted into electrical cars as electrical cars is cost cutting.

It is almost not difficult to understand how an electric car works. The architecture of the electric car is quite different then the petroleum car. A electrical car is consist of lots of wiring. The electrical car has following main components:

Electric Motor
Motor Controller
Batteries

An electric car is powered by an electric motor while a petroleum car is powered by a petroleum engine. This is how an electric car defers from the petroleum car. Instead of a petroleum engine an electric motor is placed inside the electric car. The electric motor gets power from the controller. Number of rechargeable batteries provide power to the controller.

The controller gets the power from the batteries and gives it to the motor. The accelerator pedal is tied with a pair of potentiometers (variable resistors), which provides the signal for the controller how much power it is to to deliver.

The 300 volts dc current is inoput to the controller from the battery and  controller converts it into a maximum of 240 volts AC, three-phase, and  sends to the motor. Inside the controller there is a transistor which turns onand off rapidly. A connector connects these two potentiometers and the padal, when you push on the gas pedal, The controller gets information about how much power to deliver to the electric car’s motor from the potentionmeters. There are two potentiometers for the sake of safety. The controller checks the readings of the both potentiometers to be equal. If they are not, then the controller stops operating. When accsilator is pressed, the controller turns the switch on, and when it is removed, it would turn it off.

The batteries are the main sources of power for the electrical car. Number of rechargeable batteries provide power to the controller. The motor can use both AC and DC batteries. Batteries  run by chemicals such as lithiuem. You can recharge the batteries by just plugging in the wire to the electric socket.

In this article we discussed about the architecture and working of electrical cars. Hope that this information increased your knowledge about the electrical cars.